Extracting the future’s elemental resources through biomining.

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Utilizing microbial processes to extract the essential elements of tomorrow, biomining presents a technique reminiscent of science fiction: a vast tank teeming with microorganisms that extract metals from various sources such as ore, old mobile phones, and hard drives.

While it may sound futuristic, biomining currently contributes to approximately 5% of the world’s gold production and 20% of copper production. Additionally, it’s utilized, albeit to a lesser extent, for extracting nickel, zinc, cobalt, and rare earth elements. The most promising aspect of biomining lies in its potential to extract rare earth elements, crucial components in mobile phones, and renewable energy technologies.

For instance, the Mary Kathleen mine in northwest Queensland, Australia, harbors an estimated A$4 billion worth of rare earth elements, and biomining offers a cost-effective and eco-friendly means of extraction.

Biomining’s versatility extends even to extraterrestrial applications. Studies conducted aboard the International Space Station have demonstrated that microorganisms from extreme environments on Earth can extract a variety of minerals and metals from rocks under the extreme conditions of space.

The process involves large, closed bioreactors containing water, microorganisms, ore material, and an energy source for the microbes. The conditions within the bioreactors, such as temperature, acidity, and nutrient levels, are carefully controlled to optimize mineral extraction.

Compared to traditional mining methods, biomining offers several advantages. It consumes less energy, produces fewer pollutants, and can efficiently extract metals from low-grade sources that would be uneconomical using conventional methods.

Countries like Finland, Chile, and Uganda are increasingly embracing biomining to tap into their mineral resources sustainably. Rare earth elements, despite their name, are not scarce but are widely dispersed, making their extraction challenging yet essential for various industries, including renewable energy and electronics.

Recognizing the critical importance of rare earth elements, researchers are exploring alternative mining methods like biomining to mitigate supply risks and environmental impacts associated with conventional mining.

By harnessing microbial processes, biomining presents a promising avenue for obtaining these valuable resources in an environmentally sustainable and economically viable manner, ensuring a brighter future for technology and industry.


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